I don't know about residency, because I was a full-time resident. As a half-time practicing Pediatrician however I do feel some stigma. I have never worked full-time so I do not know how that is different. However, I have been passed up for partnership due to my part-time status. I have worked very hard to prove that I am just as competent as my full-time colleagues but I do sense a lack of status. It is hard to describe and it is subtle and unspoken but I think definitely there. I am not in academic medicine, not sure if it is worse or better in that type of setting.
I am glad to see reduced-schedule options for medical training now. It is long past time for the field of medicine to change in this way. I have worked hard to prove that I can be both and excellent clinician and a good mother (at the same time, even!). I was the first to ever work less than full-time in my practice, now several younger physicians have chosen this route as well.
It is always hard when you are forging a new path, as it were, but keep on forging!
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kpzr